RESUMEN
Purpose: To determine whether galectin-9 gene (LGALS9) expression is correlated with cervical cancer progression, clinicopathological characteristics, and overall survival. To determine the biological processes and the abundance of tumour infiltrating immune cells related to the expression of LGALS9. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted in two phases: 1) The expression level of LGALS9 was determined using the data of 193 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Biological processes and tumour infiltrating cells associated to LGALS9 expression were evaluated using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and tumour immune estimation resource (TIMER). 2) Independently, galectin-9 was identified in 40 SCC samples by immunohistochemistry and optical density quantified using ImagePro® software. Results: The LGALS9 gene showed increased expression in cervical cancer samples. A higher expression level in SCC was related to better overall survival and to early clinical stages. GSEA showed that tumours with higher expression of LGALS9 were enriched in immune pathways such as interferon_alpha_response, and complement, the analysis of TIMER database showed a positive correlation between the expression level of LGALS9 and the abundance of tumour infiltrating immune cells. In addition, higher expression of galectin-9 was found in biopsies of SCC patients at early clinical stages, showing a trend of better survival. Conclusion: Higher expression levels of LGALS9 and galectin-9 in SCC were related to early clinical stages and better prognosis. GSEA and TIMER analysis suggested that galectin-9 could play an antitumor role in cervical SCC.
RESUMEN
Sialyltransferase gene expression is altered in several cancers, including examples in the cervix. Transcriptional regulation of the responsible genes depends on different promoters. We aimed to determine the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the B3 promoter of the ST3GAL4 gene and the P1 promoter of the ST6GAL1 gene with cervical premalignant lesions or cervical cancer. A blood sample and/or cervical scrapes were obtained from 104 women with normal cytology, 154 with premalignant lesions and 100 with cervical cancer. We also included 119 blood samples of random donors. The polymorphisms were identified by sequencing from PCR products. For the B3 promoter, a fragment of 506 bp (from nucleotide -408 to +98) was analyzed, and for the P1 promoter a 490 bp (-326 to +164) fragment. The polymorphism analysis showed that at SNP rs10893506, genotypes CC and CT of the ST3GAL4 B3 promoter were associated with the presence of premalignant lesions (OR=2.89; 95%CI 1.72-4.85) and cervical cancer (OR=2.23; 95%CI 1.27-3.91). We detected only one allele of each polymorphism in the ST6GAL1 P1 promoter. We did not detect any genetic variability in the P1 promoter region in our study population. Our results suggest that the rs10893506 polymorphism -22C/T may increase susceptibility to premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix.
